It’s actually pretty darn easy to understand. White balance refers to the process of removing color casts in images. Most cameras allow you to adjust your white balance settings before ever taking a photo. Then pick the preset that most closely matches the lighting conditions you’re experiencing in order to start taking photos. Note that you can also use an “incorrect” white balance to exaggerate the conditions of the scene.
Sunny- This feature works for mid morning/mid afternoon.
Shade- This feature works for scenarios in which they are in the shade.
Clouds- This feature work for the outdoors, and adds overcast to photos.
Flash- Which works for scenes lit by standard off-camera speedlights and pop-up flashes
Incandescent- This feature works for things that happen indoor.
Flourenscent- this helps add more effect to photos with lightbulbs that are flourenscent.